Many people assume that memory loss and dementia are simply a part of getting older.

But research increasingly suggests that how we use our brains throughout life may play a meaningful role in how they age.

Research presented at the American Academy of Neurology 2026 Annual Meeting, alongside related findings reported in Neurology, suggests that one simple habit — staying mentally active — may be linked to a significantly lower risk of Alzheimer’s disease.

What the Research Suggests

The findings come from a large, long-running study involving 1,939 older adults, followed for approximately eight years.

Researchers looked at how often participants engaged in activities that stimulate the brain, including:

• Reading

• Writing

• Playing games such as puzzles or cards

• Visiting libraries or museums

• Learning new skills

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Those who engaged in these activities most frequently were found to have:

• Up to a 38% lower risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease

• A delay in symptoms of around 5 years

• A delay of up to 7 years for mild cognitive impairment

These findings suggest that staying mentally active may help support brain health as we age.

However, it’s important to be clear: this is an observational study, meaning it shows an association — not proof that these activities directly prevent dementia.

What Counts as a “Habit”?

Mental activity doesn’t need to be complex or time-consuming.

It simply means regularly engaging in activities that challenge the brain — particularly those involving memory, focus, or learning.

Examples include:

• Reading books, newspapers, or articles

• Doing crosswords, Sudoku, or word games

• Learning a language, instrument, or new skill

• Writing — even briefly each day

• Taking part in conversations or discussions

• Exploring new places, ideas, or experiences

The most important factor appears to be consistency over time.

Why Might This Help?

One explanation is known as cognitive reserve — the brain’s ability to adapt and cope with age-related changes.

People who regularly challenge their brains may develop stronger or more flexible neural connections, which can help delay the point at which symptoms become noticeable.

This concept is supported by organisations such as the Alzheimer’s Society², which highlights the potential role of mental stimulation in maintaining cognitive health.

How This Fits With Wider Evidence

Mental activity is just one part of the picture.

Guidance from the NHS³ emphasises that reducing dementia risk is likely to involve a combination of factors, including:

• Staying physically active

• Eating a balanced diet

• Not smoking

• Managing blood pressure and cholesterol

• Staying socially engaged

  
  

These factors are also highlighted in major reviews such as The Lancet Commission on Dementia Prevention⁵.

Simple Ways to Start

You don’t need to make major changes to benefit.

Small, consistent steps can help support long-term brain health:

• Read for 10–15 minutes each day

• Try a puzzle or word game a few times a week

• Learn something new in short sessions

• Stay socially and intellectually engaged

• Keep a sense of curiosity about new topics

A Balanced Perspective

While these findings are encouraging, they should be interpreted carefully.

Observational research cannot prove cause and effect, and people who stay mentally active may also have other healthy lifestyle habits that contribute to the reduced risk.

That said, the broader body of research supports the idea that keeping the brain active is a sensible and beneficial part of a healthy lifestyle.